Essay on Making Drug Testing Mandatory for Welfare

Over the years there has been an aid called â€Å"welfare† that helps struggling people by offering financial support. Welfare is a federally funded program that helps citizens that are in financial trouble, with the intention of being a sort of â€Å"stand in† for income until a person is able to get back on their feet and find a new source of employment. This program started back in 1930’s as a response to the financial hit many people with a family took as a result of the Great Depression. There are multiple types of welfare that give aid to specific aspects of a person’s life, which include health care, food stamps, childcare assistance, unemployment, housing care assistance, and cash aid. When welfare became popular, it created controversy†¦show more content†¦Contrary to this opinion, many are against it, arguing that drug testing for welfare is unconstitutional. There is valid reasoning to both sides of the argument, but drug testing thos e receiving government financial aids can only benefit the system and the country in the long run. People believe that drug testing is unconstitutional because it is a violation of the fourth amendment, which states a clause prohibiting unreasonable search and seizure. In Jackson Lewis’s Citys Pre-Employment Drug Testing Requirement Unconstitutional for Non-Safety-Sensitive Library Position he states that â€Å"The need for suspicion-less testing must be far more specific and substantial than the generalized existence of a societal problem†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Lewis). The people who would agree with Lewis are believe that the states which require drug testing for welfare are doing so with no legitimized reason to suspect drug abuse to require a drug test. Therefore, this would be considered â€Å"unreasonable search and seizure† in some people’s minds. Since drug testing is considered a search it is therefore required to have a search warrant to carry out, and if you do not have a warrant, it can be viewed as an unconstitutional act. This is what is causing the fuss about drug testing for welfare. People would feel differently about the drug testing for welfare if there was suspicion suspected before doing the test. Drug testing for welfare would be a smart andShow MoreRelatedWelfare Reform : Social Welfare Policy1257 Words   |  6 Pages Social Welfare Policy Social Welfare Policy Analysis Eric Dean University of Arkansas Introduction Several states have recently begun to enact legislation that requires welfare recipients to submit to drug tests before they are eligible to receive any public assistance. The purpose of mandatory drug testing is to prevent the potential abuse of taxpayer money, help individuals with drug problems, and ensure that public money is not subsidizing drug habits (Wincup, 2014). WhileRead MoreCritical Analysis : Moral Reasoning968 Words   |  4 Pagesstakeholders make two main arguments in favor of mandatory drug testing TANF applicants. In the first argument, proponents focus on the issue of drug abuse in America. Their plan is to implement mandatory drug testing of all TANF applicants, through their proposed policy. This plan is rooted in their value for accountability. They claim their policy addresses the abuse of the system, pertaining to recipients who have personal funds to buy drugs but then claim indigence. Proponents strongly believeRead MoreArgumentative Essay On Homelessne ss1674 Words   |  7 Pagestransportation stations, trains, etc.†¦ Knowing the life situation they go through should homeless people be alcohol and drug tested before getting any federal help? Scott Walker is a guy who stand out in the crowded field to strive individuals with tough life situation and to make life harder for poor people who need government aid such as homeless people. Scott stated that making people do a urine test or any type of test before getting food or government assistance is for their own good. He saidRead MoreEnding The Aid Of Substance Abusers1727 Words   |  7 Pagesdiverse citizens. One of these opportunities is the provision of welfare for those citizens that need that little bit of extra help to keep going. However, this welfare is also a cause of great discontent among some of the other citizens of our country. These citizens opposing welfare may sound like they may be cruel or unsympathetic people, but they may have a solid basis for their disagreeing attitude. Some of the recipients of this welfare are not citizens unable to do work and provide for themselvesRead MoreDrug Testing the Less Fortunate 1023 Words   |  4 PagesShould drug te sting be a necessity for all state and federal aid programs? Drug testing welfare recipients have been a major issue across the United States for a few years now. Many indicate that if working class people are subject to a test prior to hire or randomly during the duration of employment, why should those that don’t have to work for money not have the same treatment? The government estimated that random annual drug testing for welfare recipients would cost each taxpayer an additionalRead MoreDrug Testing1837 Words   |  8 PagesMandatory Drug Testing for Welfare Recipients Introduction Mandatory drug testing for welfare recipients is a controversial issue. Should the government hold people accepting government entitlement’s accountable for illegal drug use or would this type of action cross the boundary of civil liberties into an invasion of privacy? The government has a vested interest in getting welfare recipients back into the working population. Holding welfare recipients accountable for illicit drug use onlyRead MoreGovernment Aid And Assistance During The United States2248 Words   |  9 PagesGovernment aid/assistance, or as others may know it, welfare, was created in order to provide assistance and aid to those in the community that may be unemployed or in need of assistance due to a lack of income for both individuals as well as families. In the beginning it was the federal government that managed the assistance program but that was only until the government assistance reform took place, which sent the jurisdiction back down to the states. There was a strong urge from the American citizensRead MoreBenefits of Drug Testing for Welfare Recipients Essay1330 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Random drug screening involves the experimental analysis that utilizes specimens such as saliva, hair, blood or urine in order to determine the presence of certain drugs or their metabolites. These tests are usually done to ascertain the presence or absence of prohibited drugs or steroids. On the other hand, the state welfare assistance/ government assistance is a government funded program that was started in 1930 during which period US citizens and the rest of the world were facingRead MoreDrug Testing for Welfare Recipients Essay2111 Words   |  9 PagesThe history of social welfare can be traced back to ancient times, but the time most influential to the start of social welfare programs in the United States occurred during the great depression. In 1935, then President Theodore Roosevelt introduced the Social Security Act. This act guaranteed pensions, unemployment insurance, and help for children and the disabled. The Works Progress Administration was also put in to place and helped unemployed people find jobs (HISTORY.COM-New Deal). A propositionRead MoreShould People Who Receive Government Assistance Undergo Drug Tests?681 Words   |  3 Pages Meth, marijuana, cocaine, and heroin are among the top drugs that many people use and utilized as money making tactics. As we all know, drugs are found and they are heavily used in low income areas, not only do they pose a significant effect on one’s health but they pose a significant effect on our economy. Generally it is perceived that those who reside in low income areas are the ones who resort to drugs, evidently they are. Likewise, they are also the ones who are utilizing government

Managing innovations In Organization Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Managing innovations In Organization. Answer: Introduction Innovation is the process of thinking of new ideas to make changes within the organization for an improvement in the process. This assignment will be discussed about the technological innovation for which various examples of this innovation will be described. The world has become advanced and people are adapting latest technology to accomplish their desires. Innovation has the various elements such as challenge, contemplation, culture, customer focus and completion. The most important milestones of this innovation will be mentioned to describe the attainment of this innovation within the organization and the impact of technological innovation on the organization andmanagement approach will be defined which will be helpful to understand the role of technological innovation within the organization. Technological innovation The role of technological innovations in making life easier of people is huge. However, the breakthroughs of the technological also generate the social and ethical consequences. A technological innovation is facilitated to improve the growth of the business and enhance the productivity of the employee. The equipment and resources of the organization can be used in effective manner with the help of technological innovation. There are various technological innovation has been done in the world. Technological innovation is more advantageous for the market platform as it make work easy and fast. The technological innovation is tending to be provided the huge profits to the organization whether it is small or big (Newell, Robertson, Scarbrough and Swan, 2009). The subtype of technological innovation is defined below. Various examples can be seen of technological innovation in now days. Amazon is the well known electronic commerce company that innovate new technique to reach its customer. A drone has been implemented by Amazon Company to deliver the products to the customers instantly. Primary air is a delivery system which is designed by Amazon to provide the products within 30 minutes or less. It has been analyzed that the prime air has effectiveness to increase the services what it already is being provided to millions of customers by Amazon. It will enhance the overall safety and effectiveness of the transportation system (Isckia and Lescop, 2009). Subtype of technological innovation There are various industries that take benefits of the interest of people with advanced technology these days. It has been found that there is a huge difference in between the earlier days until now because now days technologies are made and sold in the market at very specific prices. The subtype of technological innovation is Semi-radical, disruptive and incremental (Geldes, Felzensztein and Palacios-Fenech, 2017). Semi-radical It is the sub concept of the technological innovation and this kind of technology are relying on the existing knowledge about technology. For instance, cell phones are considered as mobile phones but due to technological changes the work of it is different around these days. There are some example of semi radical innovation such as sales force. It is CRM system harnesses not only for a new technology platform in develop the cloud computing but a new business model too (Gnyawali and Park, 2009). Disruptive The disruptive technology is another sub concept of technological innovation in which it breaks the old one trends of innovation and brings new products and technologies that are most acceptable and accessible. The existing business is being encouraged with the help of disruptive technology. For instance, digital photography is good due to its minimization of traditional films and e-readers that can make the print media ineffective (GIS Innovation Centre., 2015). Incremental Incremental technologies are not huge but it has wide value in the organization because it helps to improve the products and services of the organization (Schilling, 2010). It is considered as the later version of word processing program which permits every user to create new document types by using more effective tools which proved as the best illustration for enhancing the modern technology. Important milestones for technological innovation Technological innovation has changed the entire face of the world. Now, people can order or get knowledge about everything without going outside their house due to effective use of technology (Brown and Osborne, 2012). It has been analyzed that in past decades, kidney failure meant certain death but due to effective adoption of technological innovation such as dialysis treatment which can remove the deadly impurities from the blood and save the life of an individual. Technological innovation has the huge importance in changing the daily life of the human beings by providing the services of online store and online banking where people can operate their daily needs things with the help of internet (Aminbeidokhti, Jamshidi and Mohammadi Hoseini, 2016). The major four milestones from 1990 to today are described below. Development of the home computer Technology has become advanced and it has become advantageous for the people to work from anywhere. Mobile technology is effective and it enables people to communicate with each other from all over the world. Creation of the World Wide Web It has been seen that the World Wide Web is released in 1992. The use of internet in those days is different in c comparison of today. Websites are developed on daily basis where information can be taken from any sources. Evolution of Google In 1998, Google is found as the pioneer in the area of internet technology. It had opened various work locations and start developing the business that today influences almost every company in all over the world. Advancement of wireless communication Wireless internet connection is emerged in the early 1990s but it was not until around in the year of 2000 due to popularity of the wireless communication. Wireless internet is incorporated in home computers in the time of adding Centro chip by Intel (Yang, Wang, Geraci, Elkashlan, Yuan and Di Renzo, 2015). Innovation has affected organisations management approach Innovation can influence themanagement approach of the organization. There are various examples that show the importance of the innovation in the organization (Razavi and Attarnezhad, 2013). Amazon has launched the drone which name is Prime Air. It assists to deliver the products within limited time to the customers. It has great potential to deliver the produces as soon as possible and limited time has been decided of 30 minutes. Geneva Motor Show has revealed worlds best commercial flying car (Hitti, 2013). The manufacture of aircraft is Dutch that has launched a flying car that can convert from drive to flight mode in under in 10 minutes. It is an epic innovation done in the world which is equivalent with plane that has special features of lying or driving. This innovation has been certified to fly under the US Federal Aviation Administration and the European Aviation Safety Agency. It also meets the standard road safety requirements. There is another example of innovation such as driverless car. Waymo and Uber have self driving car which is shown the advanced technology (Felton, 2018). These cars have successful response and people accepted this inn ovation because it provides the safety as well. Themanagement approach of the organization has hugely impacted due to this innovation because it helps them to do something new and different. Innovation aids to build a stronger brand image because customers will link Uber with getting where they need to go in the times where facilities and safety is more considerable. Recommendations Technological innovation is effective as it has provided huge profit to the organization (Camisn and Villar-Lpez, 2014). Various examples of technological innovation have been discussed in this assignment which shows that people rely on innovation and appreciate the technique. However, the innovation is being done by taking consideration of the demand of the people but there are some recommendations for them which show they can be more developed. It has been recommended that organization should consider advanced technology to make satisfy their customers. As it has been discussed the example of Amazons prime air which deliver the products to the customer in 30 minutes, the organization should focus on less time of delivery. Along with that the facility of charging should be there such as charging from solar energy. Uber driver less car has been accepted by people and it can be more advanced by adapting latest technology such as digital roadmap in the car and television facility to th e customers which may attract many customers. It has been found that the innovation of the organization is existed only till organization adapts the latest technology formation in products and services. Along with that the example of flying car has been taken in this assignment and for further development of this innovation, organization need to make some changes time to time so that it can exist in the competitive market for a long time. There can be more innovation happen for further development such as indicator of traffic and digital technology in the car to show the way to the driver (Nyln and Holmstrm, 2015). References Aminbeidokhti, A., Jamshidi, L. and Mohammadi Hoseini, A., 2016. The effect of the total quality management on organizational innovation in higher education mediated by organizational learning.Studies in Higher Education,41(7), pp.1153-1166. Brown, K. and Osborne, S.P., 2012.Managing change and innovation in public service organizations. Routledge. Camisn, C. and Villar-Lpez, A., 2014. Organizational innovation as an enabler of technological innovation capabilities and firm performance.Journal of business research,67(1), pp.2891-2902. Felton, 2018. Google's Waymo And Uber Reach $245 Million Settlement In High-Profile Lawsuit Over Stolen Autonomous Tech. Accessed on 18th March 2018, from: https://jalopnik.com/googles-waymo-and-uber-reach-settlement-in-high-profile-1822868808. Geldes, C., Felzensztein, C. and Palacios-Fenech, J., 2017. Technological and non-technological innovations, performance and propensity to innovate across industries: The case of an emerging economy.Industrial Marketing Management,61, pp.55-66. GIS Innovation Centre., 2015. The Innovation of Technologies and its Three Types. Accessed on 18th March 2018, from: https://www.gistic.org/the-innovation-of-technologies-and-its-three-types/. Gnyawali, D.R. and Park, B.J.R., 2009. Co?opetition and technological innovation in small and medium?sized enterprises: A multilevel conceptual model.Journal of small business management,47(3), pp.308-330. Hitti, N. 2013. World's first" commercial flying car unveiled at Geneva Motor Show. Accessed on 18th March 2018, from: https://www.dezeen.com/2018/03/13/worlds-first-commercial-flying-car-unveiled-at-geneva-motor-show/. Isckia, T. and Lescop, D., 2009. Open innovation within business ecosystems: a tale from Amazon. com.Communications and Strategies,74, pp.37-54. Newell, S., Robertson, M., Scarbrough, H. and Swan, J., 2009.Managing knowledge work and innovation. Palgrave Macmillan. Nyln, D. and Holmstrm, J., 2015. Digital innovation strategy: A framework for diagnosing and improving digital product and service innovation.Business Horizons,58(1), pp.57-67. Razavi, S.H. and Attarnezhad, O., 2013. Management of organizational innovation.International Journal of Business and Social Science,4(1). Schilling, M.A., 2010.Strategic management of technological innovation. Tata McGraw-Hill Education. Yang, N., Wang, L., Geraci, G., Elkashlan, M., Yuan, J. and Di Renzo, M., 2015. Safeguarding 5G wireless communication networks using physical layer security.IEEE Communications Magazine,53(4), pp.20-27.

Term paper free essay sample

We have gathered data by survey to understand individuals perception about rights and laws. We will write a custom essay sample on Term paper or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 1. 5 Limitation of the Study It is quite impossible for us to prepare a report without limitations. Lacking of information and time limitation are main limitation of the report. Further, it was difficult for us to create proper communication with urban people in Bangladesh. 1. Methodology of the Study The study is based on creating legal awareness through ICT in urban Bangladesh. To collect information we have visited different types of NGOs like Asha, Ain o Salish Kendro ,MohilaSomiti and some other organizations, and we also studied different of ICT and children development, the peoples republic of Bangladesh for collecting information. 1. 7 Ethical Issues The ethical guidelines in completing this report include transparency and honesty in carrying out the study, timely data collection and compilation to finish the work within the deadline. In conducting the work, we have to study about rights and laws. Appropriate references have been included for materials obtained from secondary sources. Chapter 2 Introduction Legal Rights of People 2. 1 The so-called digital divide is actually several gaps in one. There is a technological divide†great gaps in infrastructure. There is a content divide. A lot of web-based information is simply not relevant to the real needs of people. And nearly 70 per cent of the worlds websites are in English, at times crowding out local voices and views. There is a gender divide, with women and girls enjoying less access to information technology than men and boys. This can be true of rich and poor countries alike. United Nations Secretary-General, Kofi Annan Statement to the World Summit on the Information Society, Geneva, 10 December 2003 The conventional societies have transformed into information societies with the rise of impact of Information and communication technologies (ICTs). ICTs have ensured the mass access to the stream of information and knowledge, which has improved the situation and decreased the socio-economic and practical barriers for the masses to get information about rights. The diffusion of the information and communication technologies in the societies especially in Asian societies have improved the situation in a sense that level of awareness is rising with the easy access to the information reating awareness about all the spheres of life including human and political rights. Formal political process and democracy are basically dependent on effective communication and properly conveyed decisions-making about political issues between citizens, politicians and other stakeholders who can be affected with collective political decisions (Habermas, 1996; vanDiJk, 2000). Internet has been increasingly used in campaigns and becoming a decisive factor in political campaign for candidates and web users alike with each passing election in developed countries (BucyAffe, 2006). The study of (Hansen Benoitb, 2005) investigated the immediate ffects of watching presidential candidates World Wide Web (WWW) sites of George W. Bush and A1 Gore in the 2000 general election and recorded that these sites have impacts on voters. Currently, the situation in developing countries is not the same as that of developed countries however, with the passage of time and with the diffusion of ICTs, it will change. The first few years of the new millennium witnessed extremely to 2003, the penetration of ICTs was one-quarter-billion in the developing countries. As a result of this rapid expansion in ICTs, youngsters belonging to developed and eveloping nations around the globe have got equal access to information and now they can share the ideas with other minds beyond the physical boundaries of their countries. It was estimated that there were 1. 4 billion of the web users by the year 2008. As per report of TU, there had been 20, 350, 000 Internet users since June, 2010 in Pakistan i. e. about 1 1. % of the population has reach to the Internet which actually does not represent the whole of the population. These Internet adaptors are usually belongs to urban areas with a better socio-economic and academic uplift and they can help trigger the process of true democracy. It has been observed that the Internet is enhancing the political participation between economically and educationally privileged users (Bonchek, 1997). 2. 2 Right of Life The Constitution of Bangladesh does not explicitly provide for the right to healthy environment either in the directive principles or as a fundamental right. Article 31 states that every citizen has the right to protection from action detrimental to the life liberty, body, reputation, or property, unless these are taken in accordance with law. It added that the citizens and the residents of Bangladesh have the inalienable right o be treated in accordance with law. If these rights are taken away, compensation must be paid. Article 32 states: No person shall be deprived of life or personal liberty saves in accordance with law. These two articles together incorporate the fundamental right to life. The following discussion suggests that this right to life includes the right to a healthy environment capable of supporting the growth of a meaningful existence of life. (l) In 1994, a public interest litigation was initiated before the Supreme Court dealing with air and noise pollution. The Supreme Court greed with the argument presented by the petitioner that the constitutional right to life does extend to include right to a safe and healthy environment. 2)ln a recent case, the Appellate Division and the High Court Division of the Supreme Court have dealt with the question in a positive manner. The Appellate Division, in the case of Dr. M. Farooque v. Bangladesh (3) has reiterated Bangladeshs commitment in the context of engaging concern for the conservation of environment, irrespective of the locality where it is threatened. This was a full court consensus Judgment and the ourt decided: The High Court Divisio n in the same case (4)expanded the fundamental right to life to include anything that affects life, public health and safety. It includes the enjoyment of pollution free water and air, improvement of public health by creating and sustaining conditions congenial to good health and ensuring quality of life consistent with human dignity. The court added that, if right to life means the right to protect health and normal longevity of any ordinary human being, then it could be said that the fundamental right to life ofa person has been threatened or endangered. 2. 3 Right to Equality The Constitution of India and Bangladesh provides that all are equal before the law and shall be accorded equal protection of the law. Equality before law means that, among equals, law shall be equal and shall be equally administered. Equal and no discrimination shall be made in conferment or imposition of liabilities. According to the Indian Constitution, article 14 states that: The State shall not deny to any person equality before the law or the equal protection before the laws within the territory of India. If article14 is infringed, it can have an impact on the environment and human rights. The urban environmental group frequently takes resort to article 14 to quash arbitrary municipal permissions for construction that are contrary to development regulations. Article 14 can be used to challenge government sanctions for mining and other activities with high human rights and environmental impact, where the permissions are arbitrarily granted without adequate consideration of environmental impacts. (5) Article 25 of the Constitution of Pakistan deals with right to equality. It states that all citizens are equal before law and are entitled to equal protection of law and that there shall be no discrimination n the basis of sex alone. The Constitution of Bangladesh provides similar rights to the citizens. Term Paper free essay sample Almost all large corporations have gained some equines interest in a market outside of their own domestic market. However, the degree of global success varies dramatically among firms and industries. It is imperative for the managers and strategists to study each others international failures and successes in order to avoid duplicating the former and mimicking the latter. To exploit the opportunities of the world trade, companies will need to take an active and ongoing strategic approach to global marketing. Global marketing and the opportunities it offers businesses today depend on the ability to adapt and find new solutions to complex issues. Among the major concerns Of strategic planning is the understanding and diagnosis of the environment, which can be described by aggregating many of the variables into sub environments. Quail ¶y management is an important part of every companys strategic planning process. Its sole purpose is to improve the performance of the organization. We will write a custom essay sample on Term Paper or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This would appear to be common sense, yet very few international companies realize the promise of quality management to consistently improve the organizations results.Strategic planning is used by organizations to counter the internal ND external problems they experience. The internal and external problems prevent the firm to reach its goals. This paper will use strategic planning to solve the issues at the Chronicle Gazette and will offer the management of the company a strategic vision of where the newspaper publishing industry stands today and where it is headed over the next decade. Furthermore, it will also present different strategies that the company can investigate in order to survive in the new business environment. . State of the newspaper industry 2. 1. Declining circulation and revenue The newspaper industry is facing problems because of the advancement in technologies. The newspaper industry is the most profitable of all media industries. In order to produce its product, the newspaper industry combines technology, information gathering and packaging services, and financial support from advertisers and readers to produce a perishable product that is usable by literate audiences and whose usefulness to most consumers diminishes within a day.A variety of unique economic characteristics distinguish newspapers from other media. The mission Of newspaper enterprises includes both commercial and social facets. Like most other media, newspapers play important roles as facilitators of commerce, promoting consumption by creating consumer wants for products through advertising, and serving the financial interests of newspaper owners as part of the competitive economic system. Newspapers, however, play a greater role as facilitators of social and political expression than other media.As a result, newspaper firms tend to emphasize conveyance of information and ideas about contemporary events and issues to a greater degree than oth er Edie that are more entertainment oriented. The future of the newspaper industry is unclear because of declining readership, illiteracy, and technological changes, but there is no reason to believe the functions of newspapers will no longer be required or that newspaper companies do not have the ability to adapt and survive. Newspaper companies are concerned because it appears that the decline In readership of newspapers among the population as a whole will continue.Many persons, especially young people, appear uninterested in the current content of newspapers and make greater use of other media. Persons of all gees who cannot read, or do not read well, can be expected to increasingly use broadcast and cable services for their news, information, and advertising needs. Nevertheless, a great number of people can still be expected to want information of the type found in newspapers and there will continue to be a need for firms to gather and convey such information. Some futurists predict that the newspaper itself will disappear because of changes in production and distribution.They argue that the printing aspects of the industry will disappear and the electronic product currently being produced by the news ND advertising portions of newspaper companies will be transposed into an electronic newspaper deliv ered via cable or computer. Traditionalists disagree, arguing that the portability of newspapers will halt or delay such electronic distribution. In the short term, the prospects for the newspaper industry remain good. Habitual use and steady demand for the information product, as well its continuing attractiveness to advertisers, indicate that it should remain a profitable industry well into the 21st century.In the long term, the financial prospects of the newspaper industry are favorable even if genealogical and lifestyle changes lead consumers to accept electronic video- based distribution and the printing portion of the industry disappears. Under such a scenario, newspaper companies would replace their high-cost composition, printing, and distribution departments with a lower cost department that facilitates distribution or access through existing telecommunication or cable services, while continuing to use their prepares activities to provide the news and information for the new media product. . 2. Status of the newspaper leaders The New York Times and Wall Street journal are experiencing what other swapper businesses ar e facing. Both companies are still on a profitable state but the threat of new technology still affects their operations. The process of creating a product to distribute to market varies widely across the media industries. In the case of newspapers, for example, production is by necessity compressed into a few hours.Most processes assembling newsworthy items from reporters and wire services, layout and typesetting the physical availability of the product for distribution must take place in a compressed time frame. In contrast, the time frame for a book may be months or years. Within particular segments of the industry, there have been some notable changes in the production process in recent years. For example, few book and magazine publishers now physically undertake their own printing, as major commercial printers such as R. R. Donnelley Sons co. Do the majority of book and magazine printing on an ongoing basis.Technological developments have facilitated efficient operations for firms that require geographically dispersed facilities locations. For example, the availability of satellite communications improves the efficiency of the reduction process for publications where there is a standard product that is printed in several locations. Prominent examples include The Wall Street Journal and USA Today. The newspaper industry in the United States is characterized by monopoly and its attendant market power, with 98% of newspapers existing as the only daily paper published within their markets. In the few cities where local competition exists, it nearly always occurs between differentiated newspapers such as a broadsheet and a tabloid intended for different audiences or between papers that target substantially different geographic arrest than their competitors. The markets for most papers are the retail trading zones in which they exist. A national market is relevant for papers that circulate throughout the country and have the majority of their circulation outside the city of main publication.The national newspaper market in the U. S. Includes papers such as the Wall Street Journal, LISA Today, and Christian Science Monitor. This national list is usually supplemented with the New York Times, which gains only about One quarter of its circulation in the national market but is included because of its standing as the national newspaper of cord. In debates within the range of elite opinion, moreover, the Times have not been Fearless even in the face of gross outrages against law, morality, and the general interest.The newspaper industry is not significantly affected by globalization and remains primarily a domestic industry, both in the Ignited States and abroad. The primary reasons for the lack of globalization are that newspapers primary product is local and localized by nature and that linguistic limitations limit the exportability of newspapers. In terms of ownership, few American newspaper firms are globalization their operations for tragic reasons and lack of company structures and capabilities to support international activities. A notable exception has been DOD Jones Co. Which has aggressively pursued globalization through the establishment of regional editions, such as Wall Street Journal Europe and Wall Street Journal Asia. The Gannett Co. Makes USA Today available in some parts of the world through satellite printing and distribution agreements and the New York Times Co. Owns the Paris-based International Herald-Tribune. 3. Why newspapers are facing declining circulations and revenues? 3. 1 . External Assessment 3. 1. 1. Economic Forces Currently Newspapers are still profiting but it has been declining due to new technology such as the internet and the recent economic crisis.The internet has made sure that people dont need to buy newspapers. The economic crisis prevents some individuals to purchase newspapers. Aside from buyers, newspaper businesses rely on advertisers as a source of income. Even the advertisers or the alternative means of income of the newspaper businesses are affected by the internet and innovative media. In recent decades, advertisers have increasingly come to view newspapers as means of reaching ass audiences, rather than as means of reaching segmented audiences that were once available when multiple papers existed. Today, advertisers use other media particularly radio, magazines, and cablecasts to segment audiences and rely on newspapers, a print medium, for reaching mass audiences. In large local markets, some newspapers have begun to segment portions of their markets in geographic terms by providing cost-saving zoned editions that appeal most to local retail stores that serve customers only in a small portion of the entire newspapers market and to classified advertisers interested only in reaching nearby readers.The general reliance on newspapers as a mass medium by national and large advertisers has created a systemic economic problem that makes it nearly impossible for competing papers to survive in the same market. When more than one paper exists in a market, the secondary paper is disadvantaged because a disproportionate amount of advertising is given to the leading paper, regardless Of how closely the second paper approximates its circulation. 3. 1 . 2. Social, cultural, demographic, and environmental forces Daily newspapers have problems.Their readership, especially among younger traders and those most attractive to advertisers, is declining. Their mode of delivering what they produce requires huge capital expenditures in printing presses, newsprint, fleets of delivery trucks, and armies of individuals to drop the ink-on-crushed-trees product on readers doorsteps. Readers have long been used to getting their newspaper for very low cost, despite the fact that the expense of generating much of that content, especially local, original content, is going up.Readers have had their newspaper subsidized by advertisers, who were traditionally willing to pay for access to readers attention. But advertisers are discovering other means of communicating with potential buyers, especially through the use of direct mail and other highly tailored, one-to-one forms of marketing. Hundreds of competitors in the online world have discovered that it is economically feasible and profitable to unbundled the commodity information that has historically been one of the staples of newspapers and deliver it electronically to targeted audiences. The challenge to newspapers historic role as a mass medium with wide readership, deep advertiser support, status as an official publication racial to government, and a business model that was a license to print money has led many to examine how the newspaper of the future must change in order to survive. Newspapers are usually read by adults and some young people. The onset Of the internet reduced the young readers and it reduced the adult readers. People nowadays look for the internet as a primary source of information.People nowadays think that the internet is the faster and more efficient means of gaining all information. 3. 1. 3. Political, governmental and legal forces Economics oriented critics of government intervention in the media realm happily rely on oversimplified economics. Under certain purportedly normal circumstances, the market provides firms with an incentive to produce and sell the product as long as the products cost is less than the purchaser will pay, that is, as long as marginal costs are less than marginal price.The market thereby leads to a preference-maximizing production and distribution. The public may have reasons to presume the seller or producer exercises independent judgment and to believe that this supplier uses this independence to try to serve the purchasers interests. These concerns roved a ACTA last for the press to portray itself as independent and an explanation for most peoples outrage at any evidence that advertisers influence medias editorial content. People value media products for various reasons. Audiences want media products for entertainment or for specific information, as well as for edification. Attributes that make a media product good for one purpose may not be those that make it good for another. This diversity in functions introduces complications for the notion of the audience getting what it wants, complications that are often exacerbated due to the ultimate purchasers audiences and advertisers. Governments have not used means to give assistance to the newspaper industry. No laws have helped in reducing the problem of newspapers.The government only tries to moderate the contents of newspaper but it does not interfere in the situation and condition of the newspaper industry. The government has no power to moderate or reduce the onset of the use of the internet as a competitor for newspaper businesses because of the basic freedom of expression. 3. 1. 4. Technological forces The internet changed the newspaper industry. The internet reduced the need or printing newspaper since there was already an online newspaper. Online newspapers are mostly free but some ask for payment before people can view the site.Although offering content for free to users can boost an electronic newspapers market it may also take readers away from its print edition. Hence, the significant thing for online newspapers is to differentiate themselves from traditional media so that they appear to offer something different. In the long-distance information market, print editions may not be readily available. But there are other challenges. Once the news gets on the Web, it reaches a global market. The marginal cost for delivering news to more people is zero.If an area can generate revenue that exceeds cost, it is worthwhile for electronic newspapers to explore wider markets that carry them beyond the geographical boundaries defining their print editions. How successful an online newspaper will be at attracting readers in the global marketplace is hard to predict. Experience has already shown that readerships for such publications can vary widely. Major newspapers such as The New York Times is The Wall Street Journal is attract significant numbers f visitors to their online editions from all around the world.Smaller local newspapers may continue to attract only a regional readership, even when they go online. In the international arena, online newspapers may include business people needing first-hand information from another country or travelers seeking news of native lands. While residing overseas, these users may not have access to their regular hard copy newspaper and therefore turn to its electronic version instead. Turning to the local advertising market, electronic newspapers face competition from offline and other online media operators.Printed newspapers often derive more than 3/4 of their revenue from advertising. Electronic newspapers have no strong model in this context because of advertisers concern over the endurance of the online readership and the online advertisements actual penetration. The current model requires electronic newspapers to deliver content free of charge to attract sufficient visitors to attract advertising. TO attract advertising, electronic newspapers must show an advantage over other media and over other online services.In the long-distance advertising market, electronic newspapers must array advertisements that have global appeal. This means attracting big national and international advertisers to advertise their brands on the Internet. An alternative is to persuade local companies to think globally and to explore international expansion on the Internet. There remains the problem of how to effectively measure audiences for Web advertising. Different measurement systems exist and disagreements have emerged about the effects of Internet advertising. News organizations have different objectives for establishing Web sites.Such sites can serve public relations function, operating as a brand-building tool. In this context, information is provided for free to users, because charging for exposure to a promotional feature is inappropriate. News Web sites may cover their costs through the advertising revenue they generate, as do print publications. Often, however, establishing this revenue stream takes time and an early entry into the online publishing market can enable a news publisher to learn important lessons essential to the maintenance of a viable Internet business in the longer term. . 1. 5 Competitive Forces New firms enter the newspaper industry if the current firms are earning their refits economic profits exist when returns in an industry that are superior than profits that are accessible from the substitute investments. Thus, the current firms leave the industry if the prices are high enough in order to handle their cost. Entry in the industry is complicated because the current firms are enjoying advantages Including the lower production costs that are not available to the new firms.It is important to consider that the long-run average cost of production of copies of additional newspaper decreases as the number of copies printed increase, thus the economies of scale mean a lily subscription prices than a daily that only reaches some of the minority of the newspaper buyers. Another barrier in entry in the industry is the cost of starting newspaper. It shows that costs for the daily newspapers with the estimated start-up costs for television and radio station a nd particularly websites. Furthermore, those new entrants in the industry will face higher operating cost due to extra costs such as promotion. Furthermore, the markets of the industry are facing some oblique competition between the different layers of newspapers including the national and suburban dailies ND weeklies. 3. 1. 6 External Factor Evaluation (EVE) Matrix FEE Matrix helps the strategists to summaries and assess the economic, social, cultural, demographic, environmental, political, governmental, legal, technological and competitive information.The table on the following page shows the FEE Matrix Of The Chronicles Gazette. Key External Factors Weight Rating Weighted Score Opportunities Internet 2 0. 2 2. Advancement of Mobile gadgets: cellophanes, phones, smartness etc. 15% 0. 0225 Local news coverage 3. 5% 3 0. 15 4. Support from the government The retreats Economic downturn 5. 0. 3 6. Growing competition with the online advertisers 15% Lack of interest of the public to newspaper 0. 1 8. 9. People who are willing to pay for newspaper subscription is declining 5% 0. 0025 10. Indirect competition from different layers of Newspaper 1 poor, 2 below average, 3 above average, 4 superior Total 100. 00% 1 . 3475 The total result of the FEE Matrix shows that the overall effort and performance of the newspaper company in handling the different opportunities and threats in the macro environment is poor. With this, it is important to focus on the different micro environmental factors or those internal aspects that are related with how to improve its current performance and achieve competitive advantage. 4. Internal assessment 4. . Organizational processes and structure The Chronicle Gazette has a well established organizational process and structure. The company has made sure that all the processes in making the newspaper and delivering it to clients were given much thought and consideration. The company made sure that all processes were based from high standards of quality. The company has made sure that its structure is well organized. The gazettes structure is so organized and each member of he organization is trained to find a solution for each problem. 4. 2. HER capabilities The Chronicle Gazette has a Human Resource group that hires the best journalist from the country. The HER group coordinates, communicates and discusses issues with the different journalist. The HER group also makes sure that it gathers competent workers that will print and deliver the newspapers. The HER group makes sure that the workers who will print and deliver the newspapers are given proper trainings on how to perform their duties. Lastly the HER group makes sure that they hire the best managers, sales and office personnel. Term paper free essay sample There are so many options available to how they can structure the new business(s). We will write a custom essay sample on Term paper or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The appropriate business entity for any individual(s) will depend on their particular facts and circumstances. You are a valued colleague and friend of this three-some and they have come to you seeking advice as to how to structure their new business. They have the knowledge to figure it out themselves, but are looking for the advice of an unbiased 3rd party. Please consider the following tax and non-tax considerations as you recommend an entity choice to Penelope, Mark and John. After 20+ years of working for other firms, Penelope (Enrolled Agent, age 41), Mark (CPA, age 43) and John (CVA, age 65) want to leave the firms they are currently employed by and become their own bosses. Penelope specializes in Taxes, Mark is the Auditor and John is a Business Valuation expert. There are so many options available to how they can structure the new business(s). The appropriate business entity for any individual(s) will depend on their particular facts and circumstances. You are a valued colleague and friend of this three-some and they have come to you seeking advice as to how to structure their new business. They have the knowledge to figure it out themselves, but are looking for the advice of an unbiased 3rd party. Please consider the following tax and non-tax considerations as you recommend an entity choice to Penelope, Mark and John. After 20+ years of working for other firms, Penelope (Enrolled Agent, age 41), Mark (CPA, age 43) and John (CVA, age 65) want to leave the firms they are currently employed by and become their own bosses. Penelope specializes in Taxes, Mark is the Auditor and John is a Business Valuation expert. There are so many options available to how they can structure the new business(s). The appropriate business entity for any individual(s) will depend on their particular facts and circumstances. You are a valued colleague and friend of this three-some and they have come to you seeking advice as to how to structure their new business. They have the knowledge to figure it out themselves, but are looking for the advice of an unbiased 3rd party. Please consider the following tax and non-tax considerations as you recommend an entity choice to Penelope, Mark and John. After 20+ years of working for other firms, Penelope (Enrolled Agent, age 41), Mark (CPA, age 43) and John (CVA, age 65) want to leave the firms they are currently employed by and become their own bosses. Penelope specializes in Taxes, Mark is the Auditor and John is a Business Valuation expert. There are so many options available to how they can structure the new business(s). The appropriate business entity for any individual(s) will depend on their particular facts and circumstances. You are a valued colleague and friend of this three-some and they have come to you seeking advice as to how to structure their new business. They have the knowledge to figure it out themselves, but are looking for the advice of an unbiased 3rd party. Please consider the following tax and non-tax considerations as you recommend an entity choice to Penelope, Mark and John. After 20+ years of working for other firms, Penelope (Enrolled Agent, age 41), Mark (CPA, age 43) and John (CVA, age 65) want to leave the firms they are currently employed by and become their own bosses. Penelope specializes in Taxes, Mark is the Auditor and John is a Business Valuation expert. There are so many options available to how they can structure the new business(s). The appropriate business entity for any individual(s) will depend on their particular facts and circumstances. You are a valued colleague and friend of this three-some and they have come to you seeking advice as to how to structure their new business. They have the knowledge to figure it out themselves, but are looking for the advice of an unbiased 3rd party. Please consider the following tax and non-tax considerations as you recommend an entity choice to Penelope, Mark and John. Term paper free essay sample Focus: Strategic issues in risk return tradeoff relation, beta estimation, portfolio management, market efficiency, and market timing. Assignment Questions 1 Discuss the strategy and goals of Alex Sharpe and relate them to the efficient market hypothesis. 2 Calculate the return and variability (standard deviation) of Reynolds, Hasbro, and Vanguard Index 500 Trust during the past 5 years. Which one appears to be riskiest? SP 500 REYNOLDS HASBRO Mean 0.57% 1.87% 1.18% Variance 0.13% 0.88% 0.66% Standard Deviation 3.60% 9.37% 8.12% Conclusion: Reynolds appears to be riskiest. Explanation: Given the fact that risk reflects the uncertainty of future return on a given asset or a portfolio of assets, standard deviation is thus used as a measure of the risk for the reason that it examines the historical price fluctuations of the underlying assets. Hence, the higher standard deviation, the higher risk the asset bears. Based on the calculation, Reynolds is riskiest because it has the highest standard deviation. 3 Suppose Sharpe’s position had been 99% of equity funds invested in the index fund, and 1% in the individual stock. We will write a custom essay sample on Term paper or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Calculate the return and variability of each portfolio using each stock. How does each stock affect the return and variability of the equity investment? Which portfolio is riskiest? How does this relate to your answer to question 2? SP 500 Portfolio #1 SP500 and Reynolds Portfolio #2 SP500 and Hasbro Mean 0.57% 0.59% 0.58% Variance 0.13% 0.13% 0.13% Standard Deviation 3.60% 3.59% 3.62% Effect on the initial equity investment: Portfolio #1: Higher expected return, lower variability Portfolio #2: Higher expected return, higher variability Conclusion: Per the answer of question 2, portfolio #2 is the riskiest for the reason that it has the highest standard deviation. 4 Perform a regression of each stock’s monthly returns on the Index returns to compute the â€Å"beta† for each stock. How does this relate to the situation described in question 2 above? In what stock(s) (if any) should Sharpe invest? How might the expected return for each stock relate to its riskiness? 5 What would be your (i) goal and (ii) strategy if you are the portfolio manager? Please provide a reasonable analysis to support your goal and strategy.a Term Paper free essay sample After completing this course, students should be able to: understand and explain concepts and theories concerning the global business environment; apply conceptual frameworks and theories to current events in the global business environment and to actual behavior of firms that engage in international operations; explain and discuss the seminal and contemporary international business literature; display improved skills in critical thinking, analysis, and problem solving; demonstrate improved skills in independent research and communication; and understand the processes of working within a team or group and show evidence of ability to collaborate with others. The learning outcomes in this course also help you to achieve some of the overall program learning goals and outcomes for all postgraduate coursework students in the GAB. Program learning goals are what we want you to be or have by the time you successfully complete your degree (e. We will write a custom essay sample on Term Paper or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page G. be an effective team player).You demonstrate this by achieving specific program learning outcomes what you are able to do by the end Of your degree (e. G. participate collaboratively and responsibly in teams). GAB Postgraduate Coursework Program Learning Goals and Outcomes 1 . Knowledge: Our graduates will have current disciplinary or interdisciplinary knowledge applicable in local and global contexts. You should be able to identify and apply current knowledge of disciplinary or interdisciplinary hero and professional practice to business in local and global environments. 2. Critical thinking and problem solving: Our graduates will have critical thinking and problem solving skills applicable to business and management practice or issues. You should be able to identify, research and analyses complex issues and problems in business and/or management, and propose appropriate and well-justified solutions. 3. Communication: Our graduates will be effective communicators in professional contexts. You should be able to: a. Produce written documents that communicate complex disciplinary ideas and 2 b. Information effectively for the intended audience and purpose, and Produce oral presentations that communicate complex disciplinary ideas and information effectively for the intended audience and purpose. 4. Teamwork: Our graduates will be effective team participants. You should be able to participate collaboratively and responsibly in teams, and reflect on your own teamwork, and on the teams processes and ability to achieve outcomes. 5.Ethical, social and environmental responsibility: Our graduates will have a sound awareness of ethical, social, cultural and environmental implications of business issues and practice. You should be able to: a. Identify and assess ethical, environmental and/or sustainability considerations in business decision-making and practice, and b. Consider social and cultural implications of business and /or management practice. 6. Leadership: Our graduates will have an understanding of effective leadership. (MBA and MBA programs only). You should be able to reflect on your personal leadership experience, and on the capabilities necessary for leadership.For more information on the postgraduate coursework program learning goals and outcomes, see Part B of the course outline. The following table shows how your course learning outcomes relate to the overall program learning goals and outcomes, and indicates where these are assessed: Program Learning Goals and Outcomes This course helps you to achieve the following learning goals for all GAB postgraduate coursework students: 1 Knowledge Course Learning Outcomes On successful completion of the course, you should be able to: Course Assessment Item This learning outcome will be assessed in the following items: Understand and explain concepts and theories concerning the global business environment.Explain and discuss the seminal and contemporary international busin ess literature. Case presentation Term paper Exam Critical thinking and problem solving Apply conceptual frameworks and theories to current events in the global business environment and to actual behavior of firms that engage in international operations. Display improved skills in critical thinking, analysis, and problem solving. AAA Written communication Oral communication Demonstrate improved skills in independent research and communication. Demonstrate improved skills in Term paper b Case presentation Part of seminar independent research and communication. Explain and discuss the seminal and contemporary international business literature. Teamwork participation mark but not separately assessed Sanderson the processes of working within a team or group and show evidence of ability to collaborate with others. Explain and discuss the seminal and contemporary international business literature. Not specifically assessed b. Ethical, environmental and sustainability responsibility Social and cultural awareness 3 LEARNING AND TEACHING ACTIVITIES 3. 1 Approach to Learning and Teaching in the Course This course is based on the most recent research and practice regarding business and management issues related to Ones. It combines multiple theoretical perspectives with practical cases, enabling students to understand how the conceptual tools work in practice.The course is taught with a participant-centered approach. The core of the course is student participation in both lectures and seminars. Throughout group work, case studies, and class discussion, students will be able to bring in their existing knowledge and contextual their theoretical analysis. Students with practical experience will e invited to share their experience with the class. The course sets clear expectations, goals, and learning outcomes for students. These are centered on the expectation that students for their future careers will want to equip themselves with the skills to deal with corporate challenges in an international context.Students will therefore be encouraged to develop analytical and presentation skills through individual research and as part Of a team. Continuous assessment during the course is done with the aim to support students in developing these skills, with timely feedback from both instructor and peer students provided. 3. 2 Learning Activities and Teaching Strategies Lectures which introduce theoretical and analytical concepts, and link the course content to current business practice. The modes of teaching for this course are: 4 Seminars which allow students to link their own experience to new conceptual tools and modes of analysis. Individual assignment which allows students to develop skills to conduct in-depth research on a selected topic.

Film review-Holes Essays - Holes, Free Essays, Term Papers

Film review-Holes Essays - Holes, Free Essays, Term Papers Film review-Holes In the film Holes, directed by Andrew Davis, an important theme was friendship. This was shown by Stanley yelnats (Shia labeouf) and Zero-Hector Zeroni (khleo Thomas) u.r.joking.right? HAHA well nice joke lol In the film holes, the yelnats family is cursed because Elya yelnats did not keep his promise he had made with Madame Zeroni, so she cursed him and his family for eternity If you forget to come back for Madame Zeroni, you and your family will be cursed for always and eternity! So the curse has been passed on for generations till Stanley Yelnats IV. Stanley Yelnats IV (Shia labeouf) ended up in Camp Green Lake (where it never rained for hundreds of years), where you did holes all day to build character and met the bad boys group, x-ray, magnet, zig-zag and armpit and became friends with them. But later Stanley Yelnats (Shia labeouf) becomes friends with zero (khleo Thomas) and together forms a special friendship. Zero asked Stanley if he can teach him to read I cant read, can you teach me? first Stanley said no so Zero started helping Stanley dig his holes so later Stanley started to teach Zero to read (this also shows the importance of education) Later in the film Zero runs away from Camp Green Lake so Stanley steals the water truck and looks for Zero. Later Stanley finds Zero and together they climb up a cliff, the gods thumb.. By 9VS

Evaluation of leadership theories Research Proposal

Evaluation of leadership theories - Research Proposal Example From this research it is clear that for an effective leadership within an organization, the situational theory points out that the leader should be in a position of adjusting the situation and circumstances at the organization. Under the Hersey and Blanchard’s situational theory of leadership, a team develops from the immaturity stage to the maturity stage during which leadership style and management tend to develop progressively. Fiedler’s contingency model is another type of leadership style that is applicable to the CCS Group based in London. This particular theory indicates that there is no one leading style that can make leadership effective. This style of leadership tends to be effective in the CCS Group since it has helped in the improvement of the performance quality of the organization. The leadership of the CCS Group is normally linked to its performance. According to the theory, there is a concern to assess the traits of the leader if the organization needs t o be successful through effective leadership. Its effectiveness in the improvement of the quality of performance of the CCS Group because it uses the least preferred co-worker scale for assessing the attitude of the leader by asking the leader about the individual they would wish to unite in their work. The trait theories of leadership indicate that leaders who are regarded as effective tend to share common traits and personalities. This is effective in the CCS Group of organizations because the majority of leaders at the organization is self confidence, honest, intelligent, and are self driven.

IFRS effects on banking Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

IFRS effects on banking - Term Paper Example re of the financial data and the banking company will have to decide carefully regarding the presentation and disclosure so as to keep consistent with other companies. The consolidation requirements of the IFRS require that the statement mentions all the subsidiaries of the company. Special Purpose Entities (SPE) are formed by banks in order to secure loans, influence the leasing transactions and plan the investments and banks are at times form a part in the SPEs which are not included in the consolidated statements, the IFRS may require consolidation to those SPEs as well. (International, 2011) The accounting based on the financial instruments, which an integral part of the banking industry, is also affected as the classification and measurement of the financial instruments is complex with respect to both the standards. (Young, 2011) The measurement of impairment of the financial instruments also involves complexity when a company transits from GAAP to IFRS. The methods of impairment as well as the recognition will also be affected with the use of IFRS in the company. The accounting criteria of IFRS for leases is different from that of GAAP and the IFRS requires more lease transactions to be recognized in the accounts of an entity as compared to those required by GAAP. The banks will be greatly affected who do not recognise the operating leases on their balance sheets when the substance of the lease transaction is that the bank has all the rewards and risk transferred to it. The adoption of IFRS by a banking sector company will require an additional amount of effort in order to comply with the requirements of the IFRS. Some premeditated decisions will be needed to be taken to avoid any additional or incremental costs for the transformation. (IAS

Professional Development Essay Example for Free

Professional Development Essay Nurses are the largest work force in the healthcare industry. The increasing demands for nurses opt to increase the quality of care given by these nurses. The Institute of Medicine (IOM, 2010) states that patients â€Å"deserve the care that centered on their unique needs and not what is most convenient for the health care professionals†. Nursing practice has changed significantly since the beginning of the profession secondary to increased demand for high quality care given and for the safety of the nurses and the patients. In order to overcome these challenges the Institute of Medicine (IOM) created a report that served as a foundation for the future and advancement of nursing. IOM reported that, â€Å"Nurses have the opportunity to play a central role in transforming the healthcare system to create a more accessible, high quality, and value-driven environment for patients†. (Institute of Medicine [IOM], 2010, pg. 85) The IOM report, †The Future of Nursing: Leading Change, Advancing Health†, emphasized on different topics with regards to the future of nursing especially the importance of nursing education, nursing practice and the roles of nurses as a leader in the healthcare system. The goal of nursing education is for the nurses to be prepared to face the increasing needs of a diverse population of patients and to deliver a safe and quality patient care. In addition, the transformation of nursing education is encouraged to prepare new nurses to work hand in hand with other healthcare professionals in different settings. These changes are needed because of technological advancements, older patient population and increasing complexity of the patient conditions. Care in the acute care setting and outside the hospital has become more complex as well. Nurses have to be trained on flexibility and ability to take in more roles than what is expected when they graduate nursing. With this note, advancement in the education curriculum and changes are needed to compensate for these demands. Nurses should be able to have evidence-based practice care, collaborative skills with other professionals, be proficient with the new technologies and even more skilled on the acute and chronic healthcare settings. Most hospitals are teaching hospitals and require more BSN graduate nurses  in their workforce. The IOM has a view to increase BSN nurses working in hospitals from 50% to 100%. In spite of this view, IOM set a goal of having BSN nursing percentage of 80% by 2020. This is â€Å"necessary to move the nursing workforce to an expanded set of competencies, especially in the domains of community and public health, leadership, systems improvement and change, research and health policy†. (IOM, 2010, pg. 173) In addition, having a BSN degree is a good foundation for nurses to advance to a higher education, APRNs and Doctorate levels, that will in turn advance nurses to research, faculty nurses to teach future nurses, ability to participate in creating healthcare policies and leadership roles. IOM also encourages having bridge programs from RN to BSN and having a residency program that will allow nurses to gain more skills, experience and knowledge and alleviate the stress around new nurses that are being thrown out of the real world without enough exposure and understanding of the profession. There are plenty of barriers in accomplishing these goals but with proper incentives, motivation and encouragement that are given to nurses, it is not impossible to have a better future in nursing education and have more educated and advanced nursing workforce in our society today. IOM also emphasized the importance of advancing the nursing practice to the community and not just concentrate in the acute care setting due to the increasing needs of the population and changes in the healthcare system. The outdated policies governing nursing scope of practice is a hindrance to the advancement of nursing practice and because of this patients are limited to access a better quality of care. IOM stressed on their report that a necessary alteration in nursing practice is needed to provide patient-centered care; deliver more primary as opposed to specialty care; deliver more care in the community rather than the acute care setting; provide seamless care; enable all health professionals to practice to the full extent of their education, training, and competencies; and foster inter-professional collaboration. (IOM, 2010, pg. 86-87) Nurses are encouraged to pursue their education to Advanced Practical Registered Nurses (APRN) due to a shortage of primary care professionals in the acute and mainly in the community healthcare setting. APRNs are knowledgeable, well trained and proficient enough to provide safe and high quality of care without the supervision of a primary doctor. IOM believes that changes in the regulations and expanding the scope of practice of nurses and of APRNs are necessary so that they can have the ability to practice and make decisions more independently. â€Å"The committee believes all health professionals should practice to the full extent of their education and training so that more patients may benefit†. (IOM, 2010, pg. 96) Again having bridge programs and residency programs for new nurses will help with the advancement of nursing practice. Redefining the roles and extending the scope of nursing practice is highly recommended by the IOM for the future of the nursing profession and to keep up with the evolution of the healthcare environment. Another vision that the IOM has is nurses as leaders in healthcare. It is time for nurses to move forward from bedside roles and start being active as leaders and partners with other healthcare professionals in delivering high quality care to patients. Together with the changes of nursing education and nursing practice, nurses as leaders are required to finally reach the goal of an advanced healthcare system. IOM’s vision â€Å"specifically challenges nurses to demonstrate full partnership with physicians and other healthcare professionals in redesigning U.S healthcare.† (Porer-OGrady, 2011, pg. 33) in addition the IOM â€Å"report suggests that the nursing profession must produce leaders at every level of the system and accept key leadership positions in policy, politics, organizations, and practice.† (Porer-OGrady, 2011, pg. 33) Today’s advancements in technology, nurses have an important role in research and they assist in developing evidence-based practice care to maintain safety. Nurses are the main caregivers and they understand very well the healthcare process. Nurses also play a vital role in delivering quality patient care through facilitation, coordination and making sure everything is at ease. So it is imperative that nurses be involved in policy making and provide strategies to improve care delivery and ensure quality  care. With these expectations put into nurses, it is every nurse’s responsibility to advance in their career, through education, be very well rounded with competencies and be active partners and be future leaders in the healthcare system. In conclusion, IOM has a very broad insight and goals with regards to the future of nursing. In order to achieve these goals, the importance of advancing nursing education and practice are emphasized as well as having more nursing leaders in the healthcare system. Having more BSN graduate nurses in the acute care settings and having more APRNs extending their services to the community is going to facilitate the advancement that the IOM views. Changing policies and extending the scope of practice for nurses to avoid limiting their abilities to practice and taking advantage of the nurse’s full capabilities is another goal that the IOM envisions. Lastly, nurses are seen more involved as leaders for a successful reform and in turn provide a better quality and safe care to patients. References Porer-OGrady, T. (2011). Future of Nursing Special:Leadership at All Levels. Nursing Management, 32-37. Retrieved from http://www.nursingcenter.com/lnc/journalarticle?Article_ID=1163290 The future of nursing: leading change, advancing health. (2010). Washington, D.C.: The National Academies Press. Retrieved from http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12956